Controlling dc motor speed with an analog input and transistor. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers. The triac circuit would place a triac on the ac side and then into a simple bridge rectifier befor the motor. Thyristors in railway traction how can their effects be. With the contribution of converter the efficiency and speed control ranges is enhanced to great extent. The thyristor bridge converter gets its ac supply through a three phase transformer and fast acting ac contactors. The speed of dc motor can be control by usingscrin ac circuit as shown in the below figure.
Dc power switching and the use of crowbar circuits for over voltage protection. In this tutorial, we will show how to control a dc motor by using a thyristor. Dcs thyristor power converters for dc drive systems. When youre powering a dc motor and then cut that power,the motor creates a voltage spike in the opposite direction. Speed control of dc motor using scr pdf speed of the dc motor is controlled by controlling the armature voltage. Such as lamp control or universal motor speed control.
Single phase half wave converter feeding a dc motor offers only one quadrant drive. Even its utility can be multiplied using better power electronic. Study on speed control of dc motor using thyristor irjet. As in any electric motor, the dc brush motor consists of the stator fixed part and the rotor movable part. This drive also providing the functions like start, stop, forward braking, reverse braking, increased and decreased speed of motor. The motor is of alllaminated construction and designed for use with a thyristor converter. A simple dc motor controller circuit using ne555 is shown here. Speed control of the dc motor is achieved by varying the firing angle of the thyristors.
The seven dc drive models of the library, designated dc1 to dc7, are based on the dc brush motor in the electric drives library. Speed control of dc motor using pwm a pulse width modulation concept the purpose of a motor speed controller is to drive a system at the demanded speed. Pdf study on speed control of dc motor using thyristor. Mathematical modeling of dc motor to analyze the torque speed characteristics, power factor and total harmonics distortion, the dynamic and steadystate model of separately excited dc motor is required.
With the the increasing use of power semicondutor units, the speed control of dc motor is increasingly getting sophisticated and precise. Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by. The motor drive shown is a speed controller system. Dc motor speed control is carried out by use of four quadrant chopper drive. The dc motor speed control has been successfully analyzed using chopper as a power controller and speed and current controller proportionalintegral type based on the closed loop model of dc motor. The supply voltage to the converter is singlephase ac at. Noida, india 2department of electrical and instrumentation engineering, thapar university, patiala, india rohit. To control the speed, the input voltage is varied using pulsewidth modulation. To control a dc motor from a microcontroller, you use switching arrangement known as an h bridge. The dc motor converts the mechanical power into dc electrical power. The above mentioned experiment was again carried out using thyristors and a comparative study was.
Motor characteristic for various control circuitry. For control from a drivers cabin with step or continuous speed reference. Initially a simplified open loop model for dc motor is studied and then closed loop model is considered and required of current controller is studied. I am working on project of controlling speed of 3 phase induction motor. Ac10 is a closedloop primary thyristor system for control of machines driven by one or more slipring induction motors. The poster of the question did not mention that the dc power source to the motor was halfwave or fullwave rectified.
Armature voltage control method of speed control of dc drive is popularly used in which controlled rectifier or chopper are involved, though due. On ac sys currents very rapidl analy with no mov an early stage to measure and terns, motor voltage may be varied ing parts. The thyristor based dc drive with the analog and digital feedback control schemes are used for the speed control technique of dc motor. Pdf irjetstudy on speed control of dc motor using thyristor. Firstly, mathematical model of dc motor was created. Hence speed control of dc motor using android application is a cost effective, practical and the safest way to save power. The scr a and b rectifier, the op voltage of transformer t1 and apply this pulsating dc voltages to the armature winding and rectifier c supplies similar voltages to the motor field winding. Dc motor drive the control schematic of a twoquadrant converter controlled separatelyexcited dc motor drive is shown in figure 1. Once the thyristor is triggered, it remains in conduction state until we reset it manually. For low speed cranes controlled from the floor with step button or motor. How does it work to begin with, the 12v ac voltage from the secondary of transformer comes to bridge diodebd1. Generally, induction motors are categorized based on the number of stator windings. As in any electric motor, the dc brush motor consists of the stator fixed part and.
Thyristor behaves like electronic latch while using as a switch, because when triggered once it remain in conduction state until getting reset manually. The phase angle control is not shown, but just requires a fairly simple rc circuit. Thyristor switching circuits can be used to control much larger loads such as lamps, motors, or heaters, etc. Micro controller, l293d motor drive, pulse width modulation technique. A simple pwm pulse width modulation technique can be used to control the speed of the motor.
For controller design two methods are used, namely frequency shaping method and pwm control. For creating and simulating the mathematical model matlab program with simulink extension was used. Both on ac and dc sys yse the audio frequency currents inby selecting taps on the trans terns it controls the traction motor jected by. Four quadrant speed control of dc motor with androidand. As i am searching for different research papers and study material on speed control of 3 phase induction motor i found this matlab simulation. The application meets the following performance specifications. The motor here is connected to a 12v dc supply via a bt151 thyristor, but will. To control the direction, the polarity of the motor is reversed. Thyristor controlled power for induction motor eeweb. An induction motor can be used as induction generator, or it can be unrolled to form the linear induction motor which can directly generate linear motion. The concept of the speed regulation is different from the speed control. They remained the predominant type of industrial motor controller until the end of the 1980s when the availability of low cost electronics led to their.
Speed control of single phase induction motor using triac. The paper deals with design of control for dc motor and analysis with focus on speed control. The range of speed control and robust working adds to the usefulness of the dc motors. Transformer is a static device, used for step up or step down the ac voltages and works on the principle of mutual induction. The small blower motor is an induction machine that runs continuously, thereby allowing the main motor to maintain full torque at low speed without overheating.
February 5, 2002 have been shown to be more than a match for dc drives in highperformance applications. Armature voltage is controlled using different single phase. The project is designed to control ac power to a load by using firing angle control of thyristor. Proceedings of 18th thirf international conference, 11 january 2015, pune, india, isbn. This is speed motor controller circuit of 12v dc motor. Speed control of a dc motor is either done manually by the operator or by means of an automatic control device. If it were an ac power source and the motor an ac motor then the circuit would behave quite differently. Dc motor with speed and current closed loops, driven by etpu on mcf523x, rev. As dc power can be easily transported, dc motor contributes a lot to traction drives.
Dc motor speed controller using ujts and scrs all about. Thyristor controlled power for single phase induction motor. In this project, we are going to show you how to control a load or dc motor using a thyristor. This item appears in the following collections higher diploma in electrical and electronics engineering 22. For nominal motor ratings to 250a, the assembly is based on five semipak units on a common heatsink. The above mentioned experiment was again carried out using thyristors and a comparative study was made. Three phase motor control using scr the stator voltage can be reduced by delaying triggering pulses of the scr, if we delay these pulses the voltage may be reduced from rated ip voltage, which causes to decrease the speed of motor. Power and machineelectronics 19141966 eindhoven university.
Speed controller simply control the speed of dc motor. Presentation on ieee topic, speed control of dc motor using triac. Tarun agarwal is the chief customer support officer at edgefx technologies pvt ltd. This is different to speed regulation where the speed is trying to be maintained or regulated against the natural change in speed due to a change in the load on the shaft. As we know, speed of a motor is given by if f is kept constant and also if a.
The project uses zero crossing point of the waveform which is detected by a comparator whose output is then fed to the microcontroller. Thyristor can used for control high dc currents and loads. That leads me to believe that the motor is supplied from a steady dc source. Thyristor based techniques of dc motor speed control a separately excited dc motor fed through single phase half wave converter is shown in figure 3. The supply voltage to the converter is single phase ac at. It must also be ensured that the machine or equipment are fitted with device indepent. He has 8 years of experience in customer support, operations and administration.
Develop a suitable control circuit which makes the system more dynamic and efficient. The dc motor whose speed is to be controlled using the pid controller in the fig. Microcontroller based speed control of a dc motor using. Introduction the speed of dc motor is directly proportional to the supply voltage, if we reduce the supply voltage from 12v to 6v, the motor will run at half the speed. One of the most important features of the dc motor is that their speed can easily be control according to the requirement by using simple methods. Pdf thyristor based speed control techniques of dc motor. The system being investigated in this paper is singlephase fullwave controlled bridge rectifier. Introduction speed control of dc motor could be achieved using mechanical or electrical techniques. To control the speed of motor i am using thyristor tyn16600ct. Components list of thyristor controlled powe for single phase induction motor. Thyristors can be used to control either ac or dc loads and can be used to. You can adjust the speed of rotation of the spindle motor from 560 cycles per minute. International research journal of engineering and technology irjet eissn. Another set up consisted of half bridge rectifier consisting of thyristor wherein the speed control for the same dc motor was carried out using the firing angle of the thyristor.
When switches 1 and 4 are closed and 2 and 3 are open, voltage. The thyristor speed controller module contains a thyristor singlephase bridge rectifier installed in a fullheight ems module. With the increasing use of power semi conductor units, the speed control of dc motor is increasingly getting sophisticated and precise. To provide the appropriate voltage,i need to use a transistor.
Palpankar, 2sanraj harle, 3tushar karade, 4suraj lekurwale 1,2,3,4dbacer nagpur abstractthe main objective of this project is to control the speed of induction motor at lower cost and efficient performance. Thyristor based speed control techniques of dc motor. The latter source is produced by a phasecontrolled thyristor converter for the. Implementation of ac to dc converter using thyristor in atp. This power burst can go back into your arduinoand cause damage. This paper deal with the speed control of separately. Speed control of dc motor using acacdc converter based on. For example in robotics it is generally used to control the moving speed of a robot whatever it may be path. In addition to controlling the motors speed its direction of rotation can be also changed using this circuit. The thyristor speed controller is designed to control the speed of the a dc motorgenerator, model 8211, in both the openloop and closedloop modes of control. Also, most dc motors require morethan the fivevolt signal arduino can provide. Scr phaseangle controlled drive by changing the firing angle, variable dc output voltage can be obtained.
Many dc motor speed control circuits have been published here but this is the first one using ne555 timer ic. Speed control of 3 phase induction motor using thyristor. Dc motors are widely used in industry because of its low cost, less complex control structure and wide range of speed and torque. Power assemblya1 this is a 10thyristor assembly to control both magnitude and polarity of power to the motor. A comparative analysis article pdf available in international journal of scientific research january 2012 with 12,329 reads. Thyristor scr speed control of a dc shunt motor dspace repository thyristor scr. While control of the induction machine is considerably more complicated than its dc motor counterpart, with continual advancement of microelectronics, these control complexities have essentially been. A thyristor drive is a motor drive circuit where ac supply current is regulated by a thyristor phase control to provide variable voltage to a dc motor applications.
1580 372 439 626 1512 162 730 1133 189 1137 301 227 892 527 23 696 1418 932 202 1382 331 1313 1204 318 1203 1257 1414 719 1370 1291 575 553 269